Oleuropeina w zapobieganiu i leczeniu chorób: kompleksowy przegląd od mechanizmów do zastosowań

The olive family, Oleaceae, is a diverse and widely distributed group of flowering plants that encompasses a rich variety of species with significant ecological, economic, and cultural importance. Oleuropein (OLE) is the most abundant polyphenolic compound in olive leaf extract that exhibits a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic effects. These properties render it a promising compound for a wide range of applications. This review summarizes recent research on the potential applications of OLE in disease treatment, with particular emphasis on its underlying mechanisms, including antioxidant activity, regulation of endogenous redox-related enzymes, modulation of key inflammatory signaling pathways, and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine production. In addition, this review discusses the latest clinical trials involving OLE and its potential as an adjunct treatment.