Promowanie samoopieki u osób z nieswoistym zapaleniem jelit: przegląd zakresowy

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Self-care has emerged as a pivotal component in the long-term management of inflammatory bowel disease, yet the literature remains fragmented regarding educational interventions supporting its implementation. This scoping review aims to systematically map existing educational strategies designed to promote self-care among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease and to identify barriers, facilitators, and implications for nursing practice. METHODS: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology, a scoping review was conducted across five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus) with no date restrictions. Eligible studies focused on educational interventions targeting at least one of the following dimensions of self-care: maintenance, monitoring, or management. Data extraction and synthesis were guided by a theoretical model of self-care. Findings were narratively synthesized and supported by summary tables and conceptual mapping. RESULTS: Fourteen studies published over the past seventeen years were included. Interventions ranged from cognitive-behavioral therapy and digital health tools to structured group education programs. Most were implemented in high-income countries and delivered by multidisciplinary teams. Key barriers included time constraints, limited financial and human resources, and patient reluctance to adopt active roles. Facilitators encompassed the use of smartphone applications, teach-back methods, and communication tools such as patient passports. Reported outcomes included improvements in treatment adherence, psychological well-being, and patient engagement. CONCLUSIONS: Educational interventions, particularly when grounded in self-care theory and delivered by nursing professionals, can enhance autonomy and quality of life in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. Future programs should emphasize personalization, inclusiveness, and long-term behavioral change, supported by robust evidence and sustainable implementation models.